DIRECT – INDIRECT SPEECH_ by: my english teacher

DIRECT – INDIRECT SPEECH

(REPORTED SPEECH)

1. a. Laksmana said “I made brick yesterday’

     b. Laksmana said that he had made brick the previous day.

2. a. Memet says “I help my mother tonight”

    b. Memet said that he helped his mother that night

YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN:

1.      Perubahan Tenses

2.      Perubahan Pronoun (he, she, it, I, you, we, they)

3.      Perubahan Kata Keterangan Waktu

4.      Perubahan Format Kalimat.

1. Perubahan Tenses

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Present perfect tense:	Past perfect tense:
(+) S + Have/has + V3 + O	(+) S + Had + V3 + O
Simple past tense	Past perfect tense:
(+) S + V2 + O	(+) S + Had + V3 + O
(-) S + DID + NOT + V1 + O
(?) DID + S + V1+ O
(+) S + was/were + O	(+) S + had been + O
Simple Present Tense:	Simple past tense
(+) S + V1 (-s / -es) + O	(+) S + V2 + O
(?) DO/DOES + S + V1 + O
(+) S + is/am/are + O	(+) S + was/were + O
Simple future Tense:	Past Future Tense:
(+) S + will/shall + V1 + O	(+) S + would/should + V1 + O
CAN	COULD
MAY	MIGHT
HAVE TO / HAS TO	HAD TO

2.      Perubahan Pronoun (he, she, it, I, you, we, they)

No	Direct	Indirect
1.	Nova asks Dian Sastro “Do you love me?”	Nova asked Dian Sastro if she loved him
2.	Galuh asks Angel “Does he like you?”	Galuh asked Angel if he liked her
3.	Ferry asks Aditia “Are you hungry?”	Ferry asked Aditia whether He were hungry.
4.	Heri asks Mukhlish “is she beautiful?”	Heri asked Mukhlish if she were beautiful.

3.      Perubahan Kata Keterangan Waktu

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Now	Then / at that time
Next (month)	The following (month)
Tomorrow	The following day
Yesterday	The previous day
Last (………)	The previous (………)
Today	That day
Tonight	That night
An hour ago	The previous hour
Three hours ago	Three hours before

4.      Perubahan Format Kalimat.

a. Jika kalimat langsung dalam bentuk kalimat tanya yang jawabannya “ya” atau “tidak” (Yes / No Question), maka pada kalimat tidak langsung ditambahkan konjungsi “if” / “whether” dan kalimat berubah menjadi berpola affirmative.

No	Direct	Indirect
1.	Nova asks Dian Sastro “Do you love me?”	Nova asked Dian Sastro if she loved him
2.	Galuh asks Angel “Does he like you?”	Galuh asked Angel if he liked her
3.	Ferry asks Aditia “Are you hungry?”	Ferry asked Aditia whether He were hungry.
4.	Heri asks Mukhlish “is she beautiful?”	Heri asked Mukhlish if she were beautiful.

b. Jika pertanyaan menggunakan kata tanya ( WH questions) maka, kata tanya tersebut dipakai sebagai kata hubung (konjungsi) dan kalimat berubah menjadi berpola affirmative .

No	Direct	Indirect
1.	Nova asks Dian Sastro “who is your love?”	Nova asked Dian Sastro who her love was.
2.	Galuh asks Angel “what does he like?”	Galuh asked Angel what he liked.
3.	Ferry asks Alifia “why are you hungry?”	Ferry asked Alifia why she were hungry.
4.	Heri asks Tuti “where did she stay?”	Heri asked Tuti where she had stayed.
5.	Budi asked Marinda “when will you leave for Jakarta?”	Budi asked Marinda when she would leave for Jakarta?”

Kalimat Imperative (Kalimat Perintah) dan Kalimat Prohibition (Kalimat Larangan)

a. Untuk kalimat perintah ditambah kata “to” pada kalimat tidak lansung

No.	Direct	Indirect
1.	Budhi says“Open the door, please”	Budhi asked me to open the door.
2.	Marinda says“be careful on the way”	Marinda asked to be careful on the way.

b. Untuk kalimat larangan ditambahkan kata “not to” pada kalimat tidak langsung.

No.	Direct	Indirect
1.	Mukhsin asks “don’t open the door	Mukhsin asked not to open the door.
2.	Anggit asks “don’t take my book”	Anggit asked not to take her book.

No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1 Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense

Linda said: “I buy my dictionary at the book shop”.

Linda said that she bought her dictionary at the book shop.

2 Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous

She said: “I doing my English homework”.

She said that she was doing her English homework.

3 Present Perfect Past Perfect Tense
John said: “I have finished doing my reports”. John said that he had finished doing his reports.
4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said: “We have been living here for three years”. He said that they had been living there for three years.
5 Future Tense Past Future Tense
Laila said: “We will leave for Singapore”. Laila said that they would leave for Singapore.
6 Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said: “I was reading an English novels”. He said that he had been reading English novels.


Peraturan II
1) Bila reported speech kalimat berita
Dengan Peraturan ini reporting verb dianggap dalam present atau future tense tertentu dan kapanpun saja terjadi.
Reporting verb-Reported speech
Present tense-Any tense (bentuk waktu apapun)
C/:
Direct : She says to her friend, “ I have been waiting”
Indirect : She says to her friend that he has been waiting”
2) Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat Tanya
a) Reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi ask atau inquire. Dengan mengulangi kata Tanya dan mengubah tense jika pertanyaan dimulai dengan kata Tanya.
Direct : He said to me , “where are you going?”
Indirect : He asked me where I was going”
b) Dengan menggunakan if/whether sebagai penghubung antara reporting verb dan reported speech dan mengulang tenses.
Direct : He said to me, “Are you going away today?’
Indirect : He asked me whether I going today
3) Kalimat perintah
Contoh:
Direct : He said to his servant, “Go away at once!”
Indirect : He ordered his servant to go away at once.

Direct	Indirect
Nova asks Dian Sastro “Do you love me?”	Nova asked Dian Sastro if she loved him
Galuh asks Angel “Does he like you?”	Galuh asked Angel if he liked her
Ferry asks Aditia “Are you hungry?”	Ferry asked Aditia whether Aditia were hungry.
Heri asks mukhlish “is she beautiful?”	Heri asked mukhlish if she were beautiful.

No.	Direct	Indirect
1.	Budhi asks Sari “who is your boyfriend?”	Budhi asked Sari who Sari’s boyfriend was.
2.	Marinda asks Fuah “what is your facebook?	Marinda asked Fuah what Fuah’s facebook was
3.	Mukhsin asks Intan “why do you like her?	Mukhsin asked Intan why you liked her
4.	Anggit asks Ria “where is your bike?”	Anggit asked Ria where Ria’s bike was