Adjective Clause

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Adjective Clause dinamakan juga RELATIVE CLAUSE yaitu Clause (anak kalimat) yang digunakan/berfungsi sebagai adjective yang menerangkan keadaan noun atau pronoun. Untuk lebih jelasnya penjelasan mengenai Adjective Clause, perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini:

Contoh:

• I have read the book (that) you just mentioned.
  
  Main Clause: I have read the book.
  Subordinate Clause: (that) you just mentioned.

Anak kalimat menerangkan kata benda the book, disebut dengan Adjective Clause

• The lesson (that) she is learning is very difficult.
  
  Main Clause: The lesson is very difficult.
  Subordinate Clause: (that) she is learning.

Berdasarkan pada the Antecedent (kata sebelumnya) yang ditunjuk oleh introductory words (kata-kata pendahulunya), Adjective Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 macam, yaitu:

1. Relative Pronoun

• Kata Ganti Orang
  Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah : Who, Whom, Whose, That
  Fungsi :
  a. Subjek:
  - He who / that has a big house paid the money to Handi.
  b. Objek Kata Kerja:
  - He paid the carpenter whom / that he had hired.
  c. Objek Kata Depan:
  - He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money.
  d. Kata Ganti Kepunyaan:
  - This is the girl whose picture you saw.

- My father called the police. His wallet was stolen

   My father whose wallet was stolen called the police.

• Kata Ganti Benda, Binatang
  Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah: Which, that
  Fungsi:
  a. Subjek:
  - The chair which/that he broke is being repaired.
  b. Objek Kata Kerja:
  - Here is a book which/that describes animals.
  c. Objek Kata Depan:
  - She was wearing the coat for which she had paid Rp.50.000

2. Relative Adverbs

• Waktu
  Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when
  - This is the year when the Olympic Games are held.

• Tempat
  Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: where
  - Here is the house where I live.

• Alasan
  Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: why
  - Give me one good reason why you did that.

Beberapa Hal Penting yang Berkaitan dengan Adjective Clause

• Perubahan dari Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase.
• Adjective Clause dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase yang menjelaskan noun tanpa ada perubahan arti kalimat.
• Hanya Adjective Clause yang mempunyai subjek pronoun: who, which atau that yang dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase.
• Adjective Clause dengan subjek: whom tidak dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase.
  
  Perhatikan Contoh berikut:
  
  a. Adjective Clause
  
  * The girl who is sitting next to me is Lisa.
  ==> The boy is playing the piano is Bent.
  
  b. Adjective Phrase
  
  * The girl sitting next to me is Lisa.
  ==> The boy playing the piano is Bent.

• Cara mengubah Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase.
  
  (1) Subjek pronoun dan verb be dihilangkan.
  
  * Adjective Clause: The man who is talking to Taylor is from Japan.
  * Adjective Phrase: The man talking to Taylor is from Japan.
  
  * Adjective Clause: The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
  * Adjective Phrase: The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
  
  * Adjective Clause: Ali is the man who is responsible for preparing the budget.
  * Adjective Phrase: Ali is the man responsible for preparing the budget.
  
  * Adjective Clause: The books that are on the shelf are mine.
  * Adjective Phrase: The books on the shelf are mine.
  
  (2) Jika tidak ada verb be dalam Adjective Clause, seringkali subjek pronoun dapat dihilangkan dan mengubah kata kerja dalam Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
  
  * Adjective Clause: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
  * Adjective Phrase: English has an alphabet  consisting of 26 letters.
  
  * Adjective Clause: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.
  * Adjective Phrase: Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.

• Seringkali Adjective Clause digunakan dalam pola: noun + of which. Pola ini terutama digunakan untuk tulisan bahasa Inggris resmi (formal written English). Dalam pola ini biasanya Adjective Clause menerangkan "sesuatu".
  
  * We have an antique table. The top of it has jade inlay.
• We have an antique table, the top of which has jade inlay.
• We toured a 300-year-old house. The exterior of the house consisted of logs cemented with clay.
• We toured a 300-year-old house, the exterior of which consisted of logs cemented with lay.

• Adjective Clause sering digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kuantitas dengan of. Ungkapan kuantitas mendahului pronoun, dan hanya whom, which, dan whose yang digunakan dalam pola ini.
  
  Ungkapan kuantitas dengan "of" antara lain: some of, none of, both of, one of, many of, two of, all of, each of, most of, dll.
  
  * There are 20 students in my class. Most of them are from the Outside Java.
  --> There are 20 students in my class, most of whom are from the Outside Java.
  
  * He gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid.
  --> He gave several reasons, only a few of which were valid.

• Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses
  
  Pedoman umum dalam Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses yaitu:
• Jangan menggunakan tanda koma bila Adjective Clause diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya.
• Gunakanlah tanda koma bila Adjective Clause hanya berfungsi untuk memberi informasi tambahan dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya.
• Henry whose wife works at a bank came to my house yesterday.
• Alex, whose wife works at a bank, came to my house yesterday.

Keterangan:

Contoh pertama menggambarkan bahwa Henry memiliki lebih dari 1 istri. Pada kalimat tersebut pembicara ingin mengindentifikasikan istrinya yang bekerja di Bank, bukan yang lainnya.

Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, kita sudah jelas, kalau Alex memiliki hanya 1 orang istri. Frase yang berada di antara koma hanya memberikan keterangan tambahan saja. Tanpa frase tersebut pun orang lain sudah mengetahuinya kalau istrinya Alex memang bekerja di sebuah Bank karena memang istrinya cuma 1 itu.

Perhatikan contoh berikut ini untuk lebih jelasnya dalam penggunaan tanda koma dalam Adjective Clause.

• Soekarno, who is the first President of Republic of Indonesia, could deliver speech well.

Perbedaan antara Adjective Clause dan Noun Clause

Karena adanya kesamaan dalam beberapa kata pendahulunya, maka kadang-kadang antara Noun Clause dan Adjective Clause sering membingungkan.

Ada 2 macam perbedaan yang penting antara dua jenis Clause tersebut: perhatikan contoh berikut ini:

• Adjective Clause biasanya didahului oleh noun atau pronoun yang diterangkan.
  
  Adjective Clause
• I know the house where he lives.

(where he lives mempunyai antecedent the house, yang merupakan objek dari kata know)

Noun Clause

• I know where he lives.

(where he lives adalah objek dari kata know)

Preposisi yang mendahului introductory word adalah milik Adjective Clause dan bukan milik Noun Clause.

Adjective Clause

• The woman to whom he has been giving money is a poor relative of his.

(Adjective Clause dimulai dengan to yang merupakan bentuk a prepositional phrase dengan whom dalam Adjective Clause itu. Dan To dapat diletakkan di bagian belakang Adjective Clause. The woman, whom he has been giving money to, is a poor relative of his).

Noun Clause

• He gives money to whoever needs it.

(The Noun Clause dimulai dengan whoever, seluruh Noun Clause itu adalah objek dari to, yang tidak dapat dipindah letaknya. Dan juga -ever- merupakan bentuk yang hanya bergandeng (mengikuti) dengan Noun Clause.

Latihan 1:

1)       My father called the police. His wallet was stolen

        

2)       The taxi driver was friendly.  He took me to the airport.

3)       The Gomez family is very nice.   We visited them yesterday.

        

4)       Las Vegas is the gambling capital of the world.  It is located in Nevada.

        

5)       The man is standing over there.   I mentioned him to you.

        

6)       Monet's Water Lilies painting is beautiful. She admires it.

        

7)       I am using a sentence.  It contains an adjective clause.

        

8)       I liked the composition. You wrote it.

        

9)       I live in a dormitory. Its residents come from many countries.

        

10)     The man is standing over there.  I was telling you about him.

Latihan 2:

Salin Klausa Adjektiva (adjective clause) dari tiap kalimat.

Beri garis bawah sebuah untuk Subyek dan beri garis bawah dua buah untuk kata kerjanya.

Lalu tulislah Subyek atau obyek yang diberi penjelasan dengan klausa adjectiva beserta klausa penjelasnya.

CONTOH:

She is the teacher who wrote our textbook.

Answer:  teacher-who wrote our textbook

1. It was the coldest winter that New Yorkers had ever experienced.

2. The maple tree that Grandfather planted is over twenty feet tall.

3. Staph germs in the body head for tissue that is damaged.

4. Donna is the cheerleader who also plays baseball.

5. One American writer who lived in Paris was James Baldwin.

6. The man who is wearing a neck brace was in a car accident.

7. The mayor is the person to whom the petition should be sent.

8. Fireflies, which are really beetles, produce cold lights.

9. The milk that is in this carton smells sour.

10. This is the time of day that I like best.

Latihan 3: 

Ikuti pentunjuk Latihan 2!

1. One of the cities that produced early jazz is New Orleans.

2. The carpenter who made this cabinet is eighty years old.

3. In almost every family there is someone who cannot throw anything away.

4. Panama, which joins Central America and South America, is a small but important country.

5. The silo in which the soybeans were stored was struck by lightning.

6. The artist and her husband designed their own home, which was made of steel and glass.

7. The manager gave the reporter a list of the players whose contracts had been renewed.

8. The man whose dog bit me drove me to the hospital.

9. Sunday night is the time when television attracts the most viewers.

10. The window which was broken was repaired by a glazier. 

by: my english teacher